Options of therapy for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
The field of the disease neuromyelitis optica, and especially of its therapy, may have in 2019 the most significant year since the disease was first described 200 years ago, or since it was named neuromyelitis 100 years ago. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder occurs in approximately 1 case per 100000 person-years. That is the prevalence calculated […]
Alzheimer dementia in clinical practice and in real life
The field of Alzheimer dementia has a problem of nomeclature. When somebody says Alzheimer dementia or disease they may be refering to three different entities: the clinical disease, the pathological diagnosis, or amnestic dementias in the elderly. In a recente review the authors did not quite understand where this problem arose. Knopman, Petersen and Jack. […]
The choice of available therapies for multiple sclerosis
Therapies for multiple sclerosis in the USA include over 20 different drugs. Siponimod – Mayzent – and Cladribine – Mavenclad – have become FDA-approved this year. Cladribine is a more effective theray, with significant safety problems, including the development of malignancies. Thus it is reserved for people that have failed other therapies. Almost 1 million […]
Apnea test in brain death determination is safe and simple
The apnea test used for brain death certificationhas been placed into a debate, with regard to whether informed consent is warranted. This discussion on the apnea test appeared because of concerns about associated risks. A study was carried out, following the procedure indicated in the American Academy of Neurology guidelines of 2010. Patients are put […]
The use of monoclonal antibodies in multiple sclerosis is growing
The general use of monoclonal antibodies in multiple sclerosis and other imune diseases is ever more apparent. One may be reminded that it was some 20 years ago that the present revolution was ignited, when the imune and rejuvenating effect of the drugs used in bone marrow transplantation were grasped by the clinical research community. […]
Imaging measures of neuroprotection and repair in MS
After a workshop in 2016 in Toronto on neuroprotection and repair, a consensus was obtained. Conventional MRI, magnetization transfer ratio, diffusion tensor imaging, susceptibility weighted imaging, imaging of cortical lesions, MR spectroscopy, PET and advanced diffusion imaging were considered. Jiwon Oh et al. Northamerican Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis (NAIMS). Neurology 2019, 92:519-533 There are no […]
Controle, remissão e cura de esclerose múltipla
A cura de esclerose múltipla e doenças imunológicas é um eterno e intenso chamativo de atenção para portadores de déficits neurológicos causados por estas doenças. Muitas pessoas confundem o controle da doença em si com o desaparecimento de sequelas. O controle da doença pode levar à remissão, ou seja, a uma ausência de crises. Mas […]
Checkpoint inhibitors and therapeutic madness in MS
The use of checkpoint inhibitors for therapy of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy is amazing, or frightening, to say the least. This is a deadly brain infection which is very rare. It became somewhat more common when the therapy of HIV infection was in its early days. Many AIDS patients perished of this viral infection caused by […]
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Parkinson’s disease
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder is a loss of muscle atonia which occurs normally during REM sleep. Without the paralysis that is not only normal but necessary, the result is that people act out their dreams to a varying degree. There may be minor muscle twitches, violent moviments and complex behaviours, such as screaming, shouting, kicking, […]
Tempo de sobrevivência na doença de Parkinson
Para tentar calcular o tempo de sobrevivência na doença de Parkinson o médico precisa tirar uma cuidadosa história clínica, por vezes com mais pessoas da família e até fotografias, para estabelecer o momento do do início dos sintomas e sinais. Em 1967, antes do advento da levodopa, a resposta era uma média de 9,4 anos […]
